Monday, October 9, 2017

Mt. Sinai wilderness medicine course at DWG by Alec Feuerbach


There were four victims at the top of Rattlesnake Mountain in Delaware Water Gap. One lay pulseless: dragged into the shade by the uninjured. One cried out in pain—gripping his leg—while another wandered the scene hysterical. The last was off to the left. He gripped a large branch that stuck straight up from his abdomen. I was on the radio with 911 as I stopped by each victim. For the first, CPR had been started by one team member sent ahead when we received news of the lightning strike and the potential casualties. Two of us were speaking with the man gripping his leg and, after a quick assessment, started gathering supplies to make a traction splint with a hiking pole. For the third victim, I asked a team member to take her to the shade and figure out what was going on: she was hovering around the victim with the abdominal trauma making it difficult for the team working on placing a tourniquet with a couple of pieces of cloth that had been torn from an old t-shirt and a pen.

“Disclaimer: for anyone listening this is just a training exercise,” I heard over the radio.

I was surprised by the adrenaline I felt. Despite knowing this was a scenario set up for the last day of the wilderness medicine elective, I was immersed in the supposed mass casualty for all but a few moments. Once when I chuckled watching as the “injured victim” impaled by the branch tired of holding the wood perpendicular and had his “partner” hold it for him; another as I arrived at the last patient and reflected on how much we had all learned in just one week on the trail.

The first scenario we had completed was a few days before. Two of the course leaders had “fallen from a tree” as they tried to set up a tarp to cover camp. We meandered over, wondering what to do and hoping (at least I was) that someone else would take the lead. It took us a while to figure out what we should do as we each shouted out random questions about their current symptoms. Now, as I walked around, I marveled at how equipped the rest of the team had become—each member quickly assessing what should be done, gathering the appropriate supplies, and (without causing too much unnecessary discomfort to our fellow classmates) treating the “patients”.


When the scenario ended, we gathered in the shade to break down what we did well and what could have been done better. Each patient talked about the quality of their care and each team member elaborated on their thought process and decisions for treatment. Some areas of improvement were noted (a tourniquet should have been placed earlier, a patient’s cervical spine had not been assessed before they were moved), but most had felt the team had accurately assessed their injuries and adequately treated (or pretended to treat) their ailments. One “patient” even pointed out how he had appreciated that the two team members treating him had taken the time to bring his partner aside before pronouncing him dead (a reminder that even in—or especially in—a trauma setting, a second spent on compassion can go a long a way).

This scenario was one of several throughout the weeklong trip: each a unique experience impossible to mimic in the restricted walls of a classroom or hospital, each with important lessons that will transcend the wilderness setting to the hospital (lessons such as prioritizing treatment in a multiple casualty event, treating someone quickly with lack of supplies, or personnel, you might like, and, as already mentioned, treating patients as people even in the most harrowing and stressful of settings), and each an opportunity to make mistakes when the consequences were low.

 After the disclaimer came through the radio, the “911” operator came back on: “the helicopter is not going to be able to make it, another storm is coming in.” I asked how long we had. It was not enough time to get everyone to shelter, but I pressed the team to make litters. Minutes later, the storm “came back” and those of us gathering felled branches for transportation were injured or killed as well. Despite all we had learned, I had forgotten the first lesson from the wilderness course: ensure the scene is safe. Of course, far better to make the mistakes here, sitting in a shaded spot on the side of the Appalachian trail, than in real time, when a mistake can mean a lost life.



Tuesday, May 2, 2017

Medicine Plants in Mozambique


At last, here is  a post on the medicinal plants that  we learned about at the Universidade Católica de Moçambique. Braund Mechendura took us on a tour of the medicinal plants garden and explained that up until recently, these plants were processed in the garden lab to make topical creams, teas and food supplements to treat conditions from malnutrition to anxiety in the local population. The garden was also used to teach medical and pharmacy students as well as build credibility for Western medicine in a population that traditionally entrusts its health to local curandeiros. For the past few years, the garden lost its funding, but Mr. Mechendura stays hopeful that the lab will resume its operation soon.


Following are some of the plants that we learned about from Mr. Mechendura. If you are planning to use the plants for yourself or your patients,  please consult an expert in this field as some plants can be harmful or even deadly.



Tomateiro salvage, or wild tomato plant, does not produce fruit. The leaves from this plant are used as suppository to treat fever in children. The leaves mixed with ashes, lemon juice and tincture of eucalyptus are also used to treat tuberculosis in conjunction with recommended TB treatment regimen.





Babosa, or aloe vera,  is used topically for burns, psoriasis and dandruff.











Iodine leaves mixed with vegetable oil produce an ointment used to disinfect cuts.










Chha balacate, or lemongrass, is used to decrease stress and anxiety. It is also known to raise blood pressure. 








 Erva cidreira also used to make tea to relieve stress and lower blood pressure. It is often  mixed with lemongrass.










Papaya plant root boiled with sugar yields a liquid  that aids with cough when ingested. Dry papaya leaves are burnt to produce smoke that when inhaled relieves nasal congestion and sinusitis. Papaya also has wound healing properties.









Moringeira (scientific name: moringa oleifera), or drumstick tree, was our favorite. Its dried leaves and fruit are added to stews as a dietary supplement to increase iron, protein, Vitamin A and C and calcium content. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory  properties. Its seeds are used to disinfect water and this method is supported by WHO and various scientific publications.



 So next time you are in Africa, do not forget to forage for these wonder plants. Just do not use them on yourself or others without consulting an expert first!

Sunday, March 26, 2017

Altitude Tips and Musa Masala

Want to know more about altitude illness? Click here and read what Dr. Yak has to say at MusaMasala.com.  Check out my post on acute mountain sickness (AMS) and the most current recommendations. Also take a look at the brand new Altitude Tips card (you can also download it at the site).  The card is now being distributed to trekkers in Nepal. It will soon be translated into Nepali for the use by porters and local guides. The tips are meant for any altitude travel, so do not worry if you have not bought your ticket to Nepal (yet!).
 

Here are some highlights about AMS:
1.     Headache is the key symptom.
2.     Avoid AMS by following the recommended ascent profile.
3.     Do not ascent any further if you have symptoms of AMS. That’s when you put yourself at risk of getting the really bad stuff - HACE or high altitude cerebral edema.
 
Trekker in red jacket with HACE being helped down at Thorung La pass (17,769ft)

You must be wondering what is MusaMasala.com… Musa Masala was initially started  as a book project to help fundraise for the construction of Wongchu Sherpa Memorial Hospital in Khumbu Valley. Although this is still the goal and the book creation is in full swing, the website grew into something bigger than what was initially envisioned. It is now a site that connects local Nepalis (who do most of the blogging) with each other, NGO’s and travelers who work, live or visit Nepal. The website supports development projects in Nepal, women’s empowerment, and culturally informed and healthy travel.

Listen to mighty Dr. Yak



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